Modelling vocational excellence: An international perspective

Skills have become the global currency of 21st century economies (OECD, 2012). In this context, this paper presents research investigating the cognitive, affective and social dimensions of vocational expertise. Using Nokelainen's (2002, 2009) model, which draws on Zimmerman (1998, 2000, 2002), Gagné (2004, 2010) and Gardener (1983, 1999) the research maps the development of vocational competence in terms of cognitive skills and affective abilities (expressed as Multiple Intelligences domains), work skills, influential individuals, and factors related to self-regulation (motivation, volition and self-reflection). Using data from an online survey administered during the London 2011 WorldSkills Competition, 409 valid responses (from 38 countries) were collected on the individual characteristics of vocational excellence and the experience of being involved in world-standard vocational competition. The findings show small but statistically significant differences between medal and non-medal winners. Medal winners report higher bodily-kinaesthetic and interpersonal abilities; greater belief in ability rather than effort; and higher performance-related motivation, performance-related goal orientation and determination.